The Companies and Associations Code provides in Article 5:66 for private limited companies (“besloten vennootschap” or “BV”’) and Article 7:77 for public limited companies (“naamloze vennootschap” or “NV”) for the joint and several liability of both the transferor and the transferee for paying up not fully paid-up shares. This joint and several liability applies with regard to both the company (or the administrator (“curator”) in the event of bankruptcy) and to third parties (e.g. creditors). This legal provision is mandatory and does not allow parties to contractually determine otherwise. The transferor is only released from this joint and several liability…